The current rapid development in agriculture includes a notable emphasis on facility agriculture, which has emerged as a key pathway within contemporary agricultural progress. As the field of facility agriculture robotics undergoes swift growth, it has progressively garnered significant attention in agricultural robotics research both domestically and internationally. To cultivate a deep understanding and thorough analysis of the ongoing research landscape related to facility agriculture robots, this paper systematically compiles and arranges illustrative research cases and advancements from both national and international contexts. This effort entails a comprehensive analysis of the technical attributes and application statuses linked to various categories of facility robots, encompassing functionalities like monitoring, harvesting, and precise positioning and navigation. Furthermore, the pivotal technologies that underpin facility agriculture robots are comprehensively elaborated upon, simultaneously outlining the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for these systems. Envisioning the trajectory of facility agriculture robots' future development, this paper concludes by encapsulating the imminent prospects and challenges while envisioning the evolution of this domain.

This paper aims to provide a summary of the current applications of virtual reality (VR) technology in agriculture, facilitating a better understanding of the role of VR in agricultural production and promoting the development of VR in the field of agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the applications of virtual reality (VR) technology in agriculture, specifically in the areas of crop growth modeling, agricultural scenario teaching, and agricultural robots. Using statistical methods, this paper aims to review the research status of VR technology in agriculture over the past decade and identify its development trends and existing challenges. The research findings indicate that the application of virtual reality (VR) technology in agriculture lags behind its applications in other fields in terms of the number of published papers and constructed application scenarios. This suggests that there is an uneven development of VR technology in agriculture. In terms of the number of published papers, virtual reality (VR) technology has developed faster in the area of crop growth modeling compared to agricultural scenario teaching and agricultural robots. However, due to the strong influence of actual crop growth environments, the theoretical simulation results obtained from VR technology may not be accurate enough. There is a relatively high number of applications of virtual reality (VR) technology in teaching for agricultural engineering. Agricultural robots based on VR technology have great development prospects, but the integration of multiple disciplines in virtual teaching and virtual agricultural robots poses technical challenges, which has resulted in slower development in these areas. Looking to the future, the application prospects of virtual reality (VR) technology in agriculture are very promising, as it has already been integrated and developed in multiple fields. In particular, VR technology will become more closely aligned with the actual environment in crop growth modeling, resulting in improved accuracy in predicting crop growth. The construction cost of teaching scenarios in agriculture will gradually decrease, resulting in an increase in the number of teaching scenarios. The practical application prospects of virtual reality (VR) technology in agricultural robots are even better, and this is currently a hot topic in the field of robotics research. In the future, there will be a greater need for cross-disciplinary talents who have expertise in both virtual reality (VR) and agriculture. Only with these talents can the development of VR technology in agriculture become more rapid and comprehensive, and can breakthroughs be achieved.

In this paper, we generalize the notion of Modules in such a way that the main properties of Modules are preserved

The steering-by-wire (SBW) system eliminates the mechanical connection from the steering wheel to the steering wheel of the traditional steering system, and thus the steering road feeling cannot be directly fed back to the driver. For this reason, a kinetic model of the steering-by-wire system is established through the theoretical analysis of the automotive steering system's road feeling. The difference between the road feeling torque and the estimated torque of the motor current is estimated and filtered by a phase-locked loop system to realize the estimation and filtering of the resistance torque. Based on the road feeling gain coefficients at different vehicle speeds, the simulated road feeling algorithm is improved with reference to the method of realizing ideal road feeling through the design of booster characteristics of the traditional electric power steering (EPS) system, and the simulation model is built for functional verification.

In this paper, we generalize the notion of vector spaces in such a way that the main properties of it are preserved